Verb “have” can be expressed in Arabic with the word “3inda”, which is a preposition that means “with/at”. Therefore, when I say “I have”, in Arabic it would be literally something like “with me”.

Another word for expressing Veb “have” is “ladaa”, which has almost the same meaning as “3inda”. The only tricky part is to convert the “aa” sound at the end of “ladaa” into “ee” sound when combined with the suffix pronouns.

Verb “have” can also be expressed with the preposition “ma3a”. However, this word is more in context where the person has something physically with them.

For example:

“I have the keys = ma3ee al-mafaatee7 = معي المفاتيح”

The negation for all of these words is by adding “laysa”. For example:

I have a car = 3indee sayyarah

I don’t have a car = laysa 3indee sayyaarah

It is important to pay close attention to plurals, because they are not regular. When you learn a new word, make sure to also learn the plural of it.

Let’s go through the vocabulary tables, learn the words, and then learn the different ways of saying “have” from the grammar tables. After we learn these, let’s practice with the grid exercises at the end 😀

1.1. Pet Vocabulary

الحيوانات الأليفة

	Singular		Plural
Cat	qiTTah	قطة	qiTaT	قطط
Dog	kalb	كلب	kilaab	كلاب
Bird	Taa2ir	طائر	Tuyoor	طيور
Fish	samakah	سمكة	samak	سمك
Turtle	sul7ufaah	سلحفاة	salaa7if	سلاحف

1.2.1. Verb “Have” - 3inda

Have = 3inda = عِندَ
I have	3indee	عِندي
We have	3indanaa	عِندنا
You (m) have	3indak	عَندَك
You (f) have	3indaki	عِندَكِ
You (2) have	3indakumaa	عِندَكُما
You (pl) (m) have	3indakum	عِندَكُم
You (pl) (f) have	3indakunn	عِندَكُنّ
He has	3indahu	عِندَهُ
She has	3indahaa	عِندَها
They (2) have	3indahumaa	عِندِهُما
They (3) (m) have	3indahum	عِندَهُم
They (3) (f) have	3indahunn	عِندَهُنّ

1.2.2. Verb “Have” - ladaa

Have = ladaa = لَدى
I have	ladayya	لَدَيَّ
We have	ladaynaa	لَدَينا
You (m) have	ladayk	لَدَيكَ
You (f) have	ladyki	لَدَيكِ
You (2) have	ladaykumaa	لَدَيكُما
You (pl) (m) have	ladaykum	لَدَيكُم
You (pl) (f) have	ladaykunn	لَدَيكُنّ
He has	ladayhi	لَدَيهِ
She has	ladayhaa	لَدَيها
They (2) have	ladayhimaa	لَدَيهِما
They (3) (m) have	ladayhim	لَدَيهِما
They (3) (f) have	ladayhinn	لَدَيهِنّ

1.2.3. Verb “Have” - ma3a

Have = ma3a = معَ
I have	ma3ee	معي
We have	ma3anaa	معَنا
You (m) have	ma3ak	مَعَك
You (f) have	ma3akee	مَعََكِ
You (2) have	ma3akumaa	مَعَكُما
You (pl) (m) have	ma3akum	مَعَكُم
You (pl) (f) have	ma3akunn	مَعَكُنّ
He has	ma3ahu	مَعَهُ
She has	ma3ahaa	مَعَها
They (2) have	ma3ahumaa	مَعَهُما
They (3) (m) have	ma3ahum	مَعَهُم
They (3) (f) have	ma3ahunn	مَعَهُنّ

1.3. Example Grid

I have a cat	3indee qiTTah	عِندي قِطَّة
They don’t have a dog	laysa 3indahum kalb	لَيسَ عِندَهُم كَلب
Do you (pl) (m) have a fish?	hal ladaykum samakah?	هل لَدِيكُم سَمَكَة؟
No, he doesn't have a turtle	laa, laysa ladayhi sul7ufaah	لا، لَيسَ لَديهِ سُلحُفاة
Yes, she has birds	na3am, ladayhaa Tuyoor	نَعَم، لَديها طُيُور

1.4. Sentence Builder

1- Make the following sentences:

Yes, we have a turtle	Do you (pl) (m) have cats?
No, They (f) don’t have dogs	She has a fish
I don’t have a turtle	They have birds
Yes, I have a bird	No, he doesn’t have a cat

2- Create more sentences based on what you learned

2. Lesson 2: Transportation and demonstratives (this/these)

One of the basic grammar elements in any language is using demonstratives to point at things: words such as “this”, “that”, “these”, “those”.

In Arabic, these are called “asmaa2 al-ishaarah اسماء الإشارة” (words of pointing).

Let’s learn these words today combined with learning the vocabulary of means of transportation.

2.1.1. Transportation Vocabulary

وسائل المواصلات

	Singular		Plural
Car	sayyaarah	سيارة	sayyaaraat	سيارات
Train	qiTaar	قطار	qiTaaraat	قطارات
Bus	7aafilah	حافلة	7aafilaat	حافلات
Bicycle	darraajah	دراجة	darraajaat	دراجات
Motorcycle	darraajah naareyyah	دراجة نارية	darraajaat naareyyah	دراجات نارية
Ship	safeenah	سفينة	sufun	سفن
Boat	qaarib	قارب	qawaarib	قوارب
Airplane	Taa2irah	طائرة	Taa2iraat	طائرات

2.1.2. Adjectives Vocabulary

	male		female
New	jadeed	جديد	jadeedah	جديدة
old (object)	qadeem	قديم	qadeemah	قديمة
Fast	saree3	سريع	saree3ah	سريعة
Slow	baTee2	بطيء	baTee2ah	بطيئة

2.2. Demonstratives in Arabic

this (m)	haadhaa	هَذا
this (f) these (pl - non-human)	haadhihi	هَذِهِ
these (2 m)	haadhaan	هَذان
these (2 f)	haataan	هاتان
these (pl)	haa2ulaa2	هؤلاء

2.3. Exercise Grid

This is a bicycle	haadhihi darraajah	هذه دراجة
This is a fast car	haadhihi sayyaarah saree3ah	هذه سيارة سريعة
This ship is new	haadhihi al-safeenah jadeedah	هذه السفينة جديدة
This train is slow	haadhaa al-qiTaar baTee2	هذا القطار بطيء
This airplane is fast	haadhihi al-Taa2irah saree3ah	هذه الطائرة سريعة
This boat is old	haadhaa al-qaarib qadeem	هذا القارب قديم
These cars are new	haadhihi al-sayyaaraat jadeedah	هذه السيارات جديدة

2.4. Sentence Builder

1- Make the following sentences:

This is a fast bicycle	This is a new boat
This train is fast	She has a fish
This is a slow car	This car is old
This is a motorcycle	This is an airplane

2- Create new sentences based on the vocabulary of this unit

3. Lesson 3: Pronouns and Adjectives

In this lesson, we will learn adjectives that can be used with pronouns to express certain state: “I am happy”, “he is hungry”, “we are tired”.

It is important to know that such adjectives have different forms for singular, plural and also dual, in both male and female.

The most important to learn are the singular male and female, and plural male, the other ones have straightforward rules.

3.1. Adjectives for people

Male

Female

Plural

Hungry

jaa2i3

جائع

jaa2i3ah

جائعة

jaw3aa

جوعى

Happy

sa3eed

سعيد

sa3eedah

سعيدة

su3adaa2

سعداء

masroor

مسرور

masroorah

مسرورة

masrooroon

مسرورون

Sad

7azeen

حزين

7azeenah

حزينة

7azaanaa

حزانى

Tired

mut3ab

متعب

mut3abah

متعبة

mut3aboon

متعبون

Sick

mareeD

مريض

mareeDah

مريضة

marDaa

مرضى

Afraid

khaa2if

خائف

khaa2ifah

خائفة

khaa2ifoon

خائفون

Angry

ghaaDib

غاضب

ghaaDibah

غاضبة

ghaaDiboon

غاضبون

3.2. Dual and female Plural

Dual (when referring to two people) is straightforward to make. Only we need to notice that there are two separate forms for male and female. We create duals by adding -aan to the end of the word. If the word ends with “taa2 marbooTah ة”, which makes the “-h” sound, it is converted to “-t”.

For example:

Sick (singular m)

mareeD

مريض

Sick (dual m)

mareeDaan

مريضان

Sick (singular f)

mareeDah

مريضة

Sick (dual f)

mareeDataan

مريضتان

For female plural, we just add -aat to the end of the male form.

Happy (singular m)

masroor

مسرور

Happy (singular m)

masroorah

مسرورة

Happy (Plural f)

masrooraat

مسرورات

3.2. Personal Pronouns

Singular Male

Singular Female

Plural

Male

Plural Female

Dual

First person

أنا

anaa

نَحنُ

na7nu

Second person

أنتَ

anta
You (m)

أنتِ

anti

You (f)

أنتُم

antum

You (pl-m)

أنتُنَّ

antunna

You (pl-f)

أنتُما

antumaa

You (2)

Third person

هُوَ

huwa

هِيَ

hiya

She

هُم

hum

They

هُنَّ

hunna

They

هُما

humaa

They

3.2. Example Grid

I am hungry	anaa jaa2i3 (m) anaa jaa2i3ah (f)	أنا جائع أنا جائعة
He is happy	huwa sa3eed	هو سعيد
We are tired	na7nu mut3aboon	نحن متعبون
They are angry	hum ghaaDiboon	هم غاضبون
You (2m) are sad	antumaa 7azeenaan	أنتُما حزينان
They (2f) are afraid	humaa khaa2ifataan	هما خائفتان

3.4. Sentence Buider

1- Make the following sentences:

We are hungry	They are afraid
She is angry	We are sad
You (pl) are happy	You (f) are sad
He is afraid	She is sick
They (2m) are hungry	You (2f) are tired

2- Create new sentences based on the vocabulary of this unit